Modern Cryptography and Elliptic Curves: Interpolation
by Hidenori
Exercise from P.170 of Modern Cryptography and Elliptic Curves - A Beginner’s Guide.
Show that in contrast to the uniqueness result which Lagrange interpolation provides, there are an infinite number of polynomials of degree $n + 1$ which pass through the $n + 1$ given points.
Let $p(x)$ be the polynomial of degree $n$ that passes through all the $n + 1$ points. Then for any nonzero $c \in \mathbb{R}$, $p(x) + c\Pi_{i}(x - a_i)$ is a polynomial of degree $n + 1$ that passes through the $n + 1$ given points.
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